Emperor Penguin: Shared parenting
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Among emperor penguins, incubating the egg is the male’s job: once the female has laid an egg, the male takes over. He keeps the egg warm on his feet and protects it from the cold with a fold of skin. Meanwhile, the female goes off in search of food.
Flexible family structures are also found among other penguins: sometimes two males incubate an abandoned egg together and raise the chick. Care is therefore not tied to a specific gender.
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